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Lytic Granules. The polarization and exocytosis of lytic granules at the immune synapse are driven by local signaling which triggers two major polarization events namely i the polarization and docking of the MTOC at the synapse and ii the polarization of lytic granules toward the docked MTOC followed by granule exocytosis or degranulation which results in the focal release of granule contents. In CTLs however calreticulin colocalizes with the lytic perforin to the lysosome-like secretory granules as confirmed by double label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. 23 Upon delivery to a target cell perforin generates pores in the membranes 3-5 allowing granzymes to access target-cell cytoplasm and induce apoptosis. Thus lytic granules specifically.
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For lytic granules the centroid of individual lytic granule was designated automatically based on the fluorescence intensity of the corresponding staining LysoTracker red or perforin. Mentlik et al 2010. The polarization and exocytosis of lytic granules at the immune synapse are driven by local signaling which triggers two major polarization events namely i the polarization and docking of the MTOC at the synapse and ii the polarization of lytic granules toward the docked MTOC followed by granule exocytosis or degranulation which results in the focal release of granule contents. Thus lytic granules specifically. Ritter et al 2013. In response to the engagement of NK cell activating receptors and initiation of signaling cascades not depicted the lytic granules move along the microtubules toward the MTOC in the dynein-dynactin complex-dependent manner 1.
Lytic granule LG-mediated apoptosis is the main mechanism by which CTL kill virus-infected and tumorigenic target cells.
In CTLs however calreticulin colocalizes with the lytic perforin to the lysosome-like secretory granules as confirmed by double label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Lytic granule polarization towards the target cell depends on T cell receptor TCR engagement driven by the relocation of the centrosome to immune synapse. To avoid unwanted killing of neighboring cells exocytosis of lytic granules LG is tightly controlled and restricted to the IS. In the present study performed with untransformed human CTLs we show that lytic granule enrichment at the synaptic area and their secretion precede MTOC polarization in 50 of the. CTLs carry out their cytolytic functions through the directed secretion of lytic granules spe- cialized lysosomes that contain perforin and granzymes that in- duce death of target cells. 23 Upon delivery to a target cell perforin generates pores in the membranes 3-5 allowing granzymes to access target-cell cytoplasm and induce apoptosis.
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For MTOC in fixed-cell confocal experiments the point with the highest fluorescence intensity of α-tubulin staining was denoted as the localization of MTOC. For MTOC in fixed-cell confocal experiments the point with the highest fluorescence intensity of α-tubulin staining was denoted as the localization of MTOC. Following antigenic challenge efficient immune responses are associated with the ability of activated CD8 T lymphocytes to differentiate into effector and memory cells 4 5. The polarization and exocytosis of lytic granules at the immune synapse are driven by local signaling which triggers two major polarization events namely i the polarization and docking of the MTOC at the synapse and ii the polarization of lytic granules toward the docked MTOC followed by granule exocytosis or degranulation which results in the focal release of granule contents. Lytic granules play a crucial role in CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTL-mediated killing of infected and transformed cells 1 3.
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The other pathway of cytolysis by CTL or NK cells is mediated by engaging death receptors of the TNFR superfamily especially Fas CD95. Mentlik et al 2010. The targeting of two soluble lytic granule components granzymes A and B was studied in these cells which lack a functional mannose-6-phosphate Man-6-P receptor-mediated pathway to lysosomes. CTLs carry out their cytolytic functions through the directed secretion of lytic granules spe- cialized lysosomes that contain perforin and granzymes that in- duce death of target cells. For lytic granules the centroid of individual lytic granule was designated automatically based on the fluorescence intensity of the corresponding staining LysoTracker red or perforin.
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367 Defects in lytic granule secretion are associated. For MTOC in fixed-cell confocal experiments the point with the highest fluorescence intensity of α-tubulin staining was denoted as the localization of MTOC. Lytic granules fuse with the plasma membrane and release granzymes cathepsins and perforins Prf proteins Lopezetal2013Pardoetal2009Theimmunesynapseactsas a focal point for exocytosis of. The granule cluster centroid was defined as the cumulated intensity-weighted center of mass of all individual granules in. 367 Defects in lytic granule secretion are associated.
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The targeting of two soluble lytic granule components granzymes A and B was studied in these cells which lack a functional mannose-6-phosphate Man-6-P receptor-mediated pathway to lysosomes. Lytic granules are transported along the microtubules toward the immunological synapse thereby enhancing the specificity of their effect on target cells without affecting the bystander cells 2 3. Lytic granules play a crucial role in CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTL-mediated killing of infected and transformed cells 1 3. In live-cell experiments the. The lytic granules are initially recruited around the polarized microtubule-organizing center.
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367 Defects in lytic granule secretion are associated. 367 Defects in lytic granule secretion are associated. In live-cell experiments the. In CTLs however calreticulin colocalizes with the lytic perforin to the lysosome-like secretory granules as confirmed by double label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Lytic granules were detected in Volocity PerkinElmer by segmenting clusters of perforin and the position of each was defined as the fluorescence intensityweighted center of mass.
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Lytic granules are transported along the microtubules toward the immunological synapse thereby enhancing the specificity of their effect on target cells without affecting the bystander cells 2 3. 23 Upon delivery to a target cell perforin generates pores in the membranes 3-5 allowing granzymes to access target-cell cytoplasm and induce apoptosis. For MTOC in fixed-cell confocal experiments the point with the highest fluorescence intensity of α-tubulin staining was denoted as the localization of MTOC. Lytic granule polarization towards the target cell depends on T cell receptor TCR engagement driven by the relocation of the centrosome to immune synapse. CTL form a tight junction with the target cells which is called the immunological synapse IS.
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367 Defects in lytic granule secretion are associated. The granule cluster centroid was defined as the cumulated intensity-weighted center of mass of all individual granules in. The polarization and exocytosis of lytic granules at the immune synapse are driven by local signaling which triggers two major polarization events namely i the polarization and docking of the MTOC at the synapse and ii the polarization of lytic granules toward the docked MTOC followed by granule exocytosis or degranulation which results in the focal release of granule contents. In live-cell experiments the. For lytic granules the centroid of individual lytic granule was designated automatically based on the fluorescence intensity of the corresponding staining LysoTracker red or perforin.
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Mentlik et al 2010. Lytic granules play a crucial role in CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTL-mediated killing of infected and transformed cells 1 3. CTL form a tight junction with the target cells which is called the immunological synapse IS. In live-cell experiments the. Lytic granules were detected in Volocity PerkinElmer by segmenting clusters of perforin and the position of each was defined as the fluorescence intensityweighted center of mass.
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CTL form a tight junction with the target cells which is called the immunological synapse IS. Lysosomes lytic granules have low intra-luminal pH contain lysosomal hydrolases such as cathepsins and harbor the lysosomal associated membrane proteins LAMP1 LAMP2 and LAMP3 811. CTLs carry out their cytolytic functions through the directed secretion of lytic granules spe- cialized lysosomes that contain perforin and granzymes that in- duce death of target cells. A model of lytic granule exocytosis from human NK cell. For MTOC in fixed-cell confocal experiments the point with the highest fluorescence intensity of α-tubulin staining was denoted as the localization of MTOC.
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To avoid unwanted killing of neighboring cells exocytosis of lytic granules LG is tightly controlled and restricted to the IS. Lytic granules play a crucial role in CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes CTL-mediated killing of infected and transformed cells 1 3. Importantly lytic granules docked at domains where the cortical actin mesh had increased periodicity Figure 8D left panel compare the location of red lytic granules with the red line marking granule penetrable domains. 23 Upon delivery to a target cell perforin generates pores in the membranes 3-5 allowing granzymes to access target-cell cytoplasm and induce apoptosis. In the present study performed with untransformed human CTLs we show that lytic granule enrichment at the synaptic area and their secretion precede MTOC polarization in 50 of the.
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For MTOC in fixed-cell confocal experiments the point with the highest fluorescence intensity of α-tubulin staining was denoted as the localization of MTOC. Thus lytic granules specifically. In a dynein-dependent transport process the granules move along microtubules toward the microtubule-organizing center in the minus-end direction. In the present study performed with untransformed human CTLs we show that lytic granule enrichment at the synaptic area and their secretion precede MTOC polarization in 50 of the. To avoid unwanted killing of neighboring cells exocytosis of lytic granules LG is tightly controlled and restricted to the IS.
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A model of lytic granule exocytosis from human NK cell. Mentlik et al 2010. A model of lytic granule exocytosis from human NK cell. Lytic granules are transported along the microtubules toward the immunological synapse thereby enhancing the specificity of their effect on target cells without affecting the bystander cells 2 3. In CTLs however calreticulin colocalizes with the lytic perforin to the lysosome-like secretory granules as confirmed by double label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.
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367 Defects in lytic granule secretion are associated. The lytic granules are initially recruited around the polarized microtubule-organizing center. In response to the engagement of NK cell activating receptors and initiation of signaling cascades not depicted the lytic granules move along the microtubules toward the MTOC in the dynein-dynactin complex-dependent manner 1. Lytic granules were detected in Volocity PerkinElmer by segmenting clusters of perforin and the position of each was defined as the fluorescence intensityweighted center of mass. Lytic granule LG-mediated apoptosis is the main mechanism by which CTL kill virus-infected and tumorigenic target cells.
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Lysosomes lytic granules have low intra-luminal pH contain lysosomal hydrolases such as cathepsins and harbor the lysosomal associated membrane proteins LAMP1 LAMP2 and LAMP3 811. The lytic granules are initially recruited around the polarized microtubule-organizing center. Lysosomes lytic granules have low intra-luminal pH contain lysosomal hydrolases such as cathepsins and harbor the lysosomal associated membrane proteins LAMP1 LAMP2 and LAMP3 811. CTL form a tight junction with the target cells which is called the immunological synapse IS. To avoid unwanted killing of neighboring cells exocytosis of lytic granules LG is tightly controlled and restricted to the IS.
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The lytic granules are initially recruited around the polarized microtubule-organizing center. A model of lytic granule exocytosis from human NK cell. Lytic granule LG-mediated apoptosis is the main mechanism by which CTL kill virus-infected and tumorigenic target cells. The lytic granules are initially recruited around the polarized microtubule-organizing center. The lytic granules degranulate at a secretory domain adjacent to the TCR-enriched region within the immune synapse de Saint Basile et al 2010.
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The other pathway of cytolysis by CTL or NK cells is mediated by engaging death receptors of the TNFR superfamily especially Fas CD95. In response to the engagement of NK cell activating receptors and initiation of signaling cascades not depicted the lytic granules move along the microtubules toward the MTOC in the dynein-dynactin complex-dependent manner 1. The targeting of two soluble lytic granule components granzymes A and B was studied in these cells which lack a functional mannose-6-phosphate Man-6-P receptor-mediated pathway to lysosomes. Mentlik et al 2010. Lytic granules were detected in Volocity PerkinElmer by segmenting clusters of perforin and the position of each was defined as the fluorescence intensityweighted center of mass.
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Lytic granules are transported along the microtubules toward the immunological synapse thereby enhancing the specificity of their effect on target cells without affecting the bystander cells 2 3. In a dynein-dependent transport process the granules move along microtubules toward the microtubule-organizing center in the minus-end direction. Importantly lytic granules docked at domains where the cortical actin mesh had increased periodicity Figure 8D left panel compare the location of red lytic granules with the red line marking granule penetrable domains. Thus lytic granules specifically. In CTLs however calreticulin colocalizes with the lytic perforin to the lysosome-like secretory granules as confirmed by double label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.
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Lytic granules fuse with the plasma membrane and release granzymes cathepsins and perforins Prf proteins Lopezetal2013Pardoetal2009Theimmunesynapseactsas a focal point for exocytosis of. Lytic granule secretion is initiated at the CTLtarget cell contact site immediately after a cellcell encounter independently of MTOC repolarization. Lytic granules fuse with the plasma membrane and release granzymes cathepsins and perforins Prf proteins Lopezetal2013Pardoetal2009Theimmunesynapseactsas a focal point for exocytosis of. 23 Upon delivery to a target cell perforin generates pores in the membranes 3-5 allowing granzymes to access target-cell cytoplasm and induce apoptosis. Because a single CTL is capable of killing multiple target cells during an immune response 1 2 CTLs are thought to act as serial killers 3.
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